The Three-Phase Focus Group Strategy Every Trial Lawyer Needs [Ep 160]

You’re not going to be one of those lawyers that only starts thinking about a focus group 30 days before the trial, right?

To make the most of the power and impact of focus groups, work backwards through this three-phase roadmap that helps you plan and prepare.

You will see, and feel, a remarkable difference in your confidence, arguments and ultimately, your case.

Why three phases?

This structure taps into the various stages of trial prep, and gives you focus groups that are appropriate and effective for the moment your case is in.

Whether it’s in Phase 1 (Discovery), Phase 2 (Settlement/Mediation), or Phase 3 (Trial), focus groups reflect juror attitudes, bias and weakness detection, theme and damages testing, witness credibility feedback, and help lawyers make better settlement-versus-trial decisions.

Work with me to fine-tune this strategy and ensure you’re getting the most out of your focus groups! 

Set up a free consultation today: https://www.calendly.com/elizabethlarrick

In this episode, learn how:

  • Mediation focus groups help assess case value and strategy.
  • Running focus groups early can provide critical insights.
  • Each focus group builds on the previous one for better results.
  • Timing is key; don’t wait until the last minute.
  • Lawyers should commit to at least one focus group per case.

I also talk in today’s episode about a common misconception we have on how decisions are made for mediation. There is a dedicated episode on this topic, Episode 142, which you can find here: 

Avoid This Mistake if You Plan to Use Focus Group Clips in Mediation [Ep 142]

You can also watch today’s episode on my YouTube Channel:
The Three-Phase Focus Group Strategy Every Trial Lawyer Needs [Ep 160]

Follow and Review:

We’d love for you to follow us if you haven’t yet. Click that purple ‘+’ in the top right corner of your Apple Podcasts app. We’d love it even more if you could drop a review or 5-star rating over on Apple Podcasts. Simply select “Ratings and Reviews” and “Write a Review” then a quick line with your favorite part of the episode. It only takes a second and it helps spread the word about the podcast.

Have a trial or mediation coming up and want to test with a focus group? Book a free consultation call with Elizabeth to learn more:

Don’t miss out on the Trial Lawyer Prep Newsletter that is delivered right to your email with extra tips and ‘how to’ information. Join the newsletter here:

REPLAY: Traditional Methods of Jury Selection are Broken with Sharif Gray [Ep 159]

The jury selection process is changing and evolving. Are you willing to be bold and confront jury selection challenges head-on?

This was a popular and very actionable conversation that I had with Sharif Gray last year, where we talked about what could be broken with your jury selection.

We looked at assumptions and stereotypes that are often made, and I think it’s a question worth returning to as we get deeper into 2026, when you may have trials coming up on the horizon.

It could be very useful to consider these suggestions and tips when you’re making important decisions on selecting, or deselecting, your jury members.

Sharif turns the tables on many standard approaches and perspectives, and suggests that instead, we take potential concerns and weaknesses and turn them to our advantage.

In so doing, you will demonstrate credibility, authenticity, trust and respect, for the potential jurors, the judge and even the defence.

“We’re there for fairness. So I’m looking for jurors who are going to do right by my client, but I’m also looking for jurors who are going to do right by the defense. Because it’s not justice if you’re  going to close your eyes and just vote for my side every day of the week.” – Sharif Gray.

Sharif is a trial lawyer based in Richmond, Virginia, and the host of the Courtroom Stories and Tactics podcast, where he and his guests do deep dives on topics like voir dire, jury selection, the role of the legal system, and one of my favorites: focus groups! I was honored to be a guest on Sharif’s show earlier this year.

In this episode, you will learn about:

  • Challenges in Traditional Jury Selection
  • Building Credibility with the Jury
  • Starting Jury Selection Right
  • Effective Communication Techniques
  • Building Credibility in the Courtroom
  • Handling Juror Bias and Concerns

Follow and Review:

We’d love for you to follow us if you haven’t yet. Click that purple ‘+’ in the top right corner of your Apple Podcasts app. We’d love it even more if you could drop a review or 5-star rating over on Apple Podcasts. Simply select “Ratings and Reviews” and “Write a Review” then a quick line with your favorite part of the episode. It only takes a second and it helps spread the word about the podcast.

Supporting Resources:

Guest Sharif Gray of Broughton Injury Law.

Find Broughton Injury Law here: graybroughton.com

Reach Sharif personally at RVA Trial Lawyers: rvatriallawyers.com

Listen to Courtroom Stories and Tactics, by RVA Trial Lawyers: rvatriallawyers.com/podcast/

Find my episode on Sharif’s podcast: Mastering Witness Preparation Method and Focus Groups | with Elizabeth Larrick (Trial Consultant)

The Voir Dire to Verdict training event is happening again! October 23, 2026. Click here for more info

Email Sharif: triallawyers@rvatriallawyers.com 

You can also watch this episode on YouTube here: Traditional Methods of Jury Selection are Broken! with Sharif Gray (replay) [Ep 159]

Trial Strategy v. Trial Tactics: Why Lawyers Confuse Them and What it Costs You [Ep 158]

Are you confident in knowing the difference between trial strategy and trial tactics?

Because ultimately the question is, does your jury understand what you’re doing?

Today, we’re looking at how to identify a clear strategy as the overarching theme that guides the trial, followed by the tactics to achieve that strategy.

There’s a risk of confusing the two, including wasted time and causing confusion for jurors. The best strategies combine preparation and flexibility when you’re in the courtroom.

And remember, focus groups can test strategies early in the trial preparation process, showing you where to refine those strategies early.

In this episode:

  • Confusing strategy and tactics can lead to juror confusion.
  • Tactics should be flexible and adaptable during trial.
  • Jurors expect consistency in case presentation.
  • Wasting time on tactics without a clear theme can cost cases.
  • Focus groups can help test and refine trial strategies early.


You can also watch this episode on my YouTube Channel:

Have a trial or mediation coming up and want to test with a focus group? Book a free consultation call with Elizabeth to learn more:

Don’t miss out on the Trial Lawyer Prep Newsletter that is delivered right to your email with extra tips and ‘how to’ information. Join the newsletter here:

Episode Transcript

Three Focus Group Questions You can Use to Reveal Hidden Case Weaknesses [Ep 157]

“What part of this story just doesn’t hit you right?”

How would a potential juror answer that question? We’re talking about gut feeling, instinctive reaction: something that’s there, and they’re trying to put their finger on it.

These are very good avenues to explore in focus groups, and can uncover emotional and cognitive responses that you weren’t expecting.

Today’s episode features three questions that are deceptively simple yet powerful in their nuance and framing. Successfully applying them will not only make your case stronger, but help you be much better prepared for what the other side is thinking as well.

In this episode:

  • Strategic questions can reveal case weaknesses effectively.
  • There are hidden weaknesses in your case that you may not see.
  • Asking jurors to explain the case in their own words can uncover confusion.
  • Emotional responses are crucial in jury decision-making.

Have a trial or mediation coming up and want to test with a focus group? Book a free consultation call with Elizabeth to learn more: www.calendly.com/elizabethlarrick


Are you a lawyer looking to run your own virtual focus groups? I have a free starter kit that can help you get started that includes checklists, questionnaires, confidentiality forms and more! 

Use this link to download: https://elizabethlarrick.kit.com/diyvirtualfocusgroups

Don’t miss out on the Trial Lawyer Prep Newsletter that is delivered right to your email with extra tips and ‘how to’ information. Join the newsletter here:

Episode Transcript

Elizabeth Larrick (00:00.746)
You think you know your case’s weaknesses. You’ve lived with this file for months, maybe even years. But there are hidden weaknesses even you can’t see. And the right focus group questions will reveal everything.

Welcome to Trial Lawyer Prep, where you learn to better connect with clients and juries, gather persuasive strategies, and learn how to use focus groups in the process. I’m your host, Elizabeth Larrick, and in today’s episode, we’re gonna dive into a direct how-to for your focus groups.

Today, I wanna share three questions that you can use to expose problems you didn’t even know that you had. And these aren’t necessarily obvious questions. In fact, sometimes when lawyers hear them, they’re pretty surprised. But great questions can reveal really great hidden biases in your cases. Now, these are just three questions from hundreds that I have developed over the years of running focus groups.

I pick different questions based on the specific facts that you give me on the problems that you’re trying to solve and what we’re trying to discover as a focus group discussion unfolds. But these are the three that give you a taste of how the right questions can uncover the case weaknesses you didn’t know you had. So if you’re heading to trial or maybe you have that big mediation coming up and wanna make sure you have strategic insight about your case,

Let’s talk about setting up a virtual focus group for you. I run several every single month. And you can click the link in the show notes for a free consultation. All right, let’s dive into these three specific questions you can use. Question number one. If you had to explain this case to a friend who knows nothing about it, what would you say? This question is excellent at trying to get

Elizabeth Larrick (02:08.696)
the focus group members to regurgitate your presentation and they take a different frame because they can’t just tell you exactly what you said. Now they’ve got to explain it to someone. So it’s very creative in the sense that we’re getting out of our typical tell me what you think. It also kind of bypasses some legal jargon and gets you out of your own way as a moderator. But really what this is revealing is where is their confusion?

where are their missing steps? Whereas you have created maybe this presentation, you’ve created this opening statement, you feel like it’s got everything they would need, but this question will show you really what they have in their minds because they’re then recreating it, okay? And that’s really what we wanna make sure because that’s how memories are made. Now, let me give you a quick example of this. We often have lawyers that come in and they will practice an opening statement.

and then we will go directly into getting feedback from our focus group. So in these situations, do fairly often hear when I ask this question, focus group members are missing vital pieces of the presentation that’s been given by the lawyers, and then they just fill the holes with things that they never even heard. Or there has definitely been times where I ask this question,

And when I get back is a blank stare because then they actually realize I don’t even know how to describe how the crash happened. I can tell you where it was. I’m pretty sure I can tell you a couple things about the injuries, but I don’t even know how this crash happened. That is a huge problem and definitely something that you want to know. Also, this gives you an idea of some of those facts or assumptions that people make when they just hear some of the facts, but not the whole thing, right?

And again, this is where that regurgitation comes from when they give it back to you. So you can see where that confusion was, find what they’re missing and then be able to reconnect them and figure out ways in that strategic insight session to learn how you can present a little better. So we always wanna know how our case comes off to people. Well, ask them to explain it to someone else. All right, our second question that we have for you today,

Elizabeth Larrick (04:33.742)
kind of falls more into the, I would call an emotional category. We always wanna be thinking about how our cases are emotionally hitting people. We’re emotional creatures, we make almost all our decisions that way, that’s what brain science tells us. So in focus groups, we really wanna be asking questions that get to how the participants are feeling, and that’s really hard to get to without sounding like you’re.

pandering or looking for sympathy. this particular question I find very helpful and that is what part of this story just doesn’t hit you right? Maybe it just doesn’t sit with you, right? That’s all it is a very simple question and it’s broad for a reason because we want to gather up anything that may not be sitting right with them, but it doesn’t make it so specific that they

kind of say, well, I’m not really sure because they maybe can’t put their finger on it either. So it gets to our emotions without using the word feeling. A lot of folks, when you ask them, well, how are you feeling about it? Sometimes they don’t know, right? So it’s hard to get them to answer that question. That’s why I love this one because again, it’s pretty broad. It avoids the appearance of pandering for sympathy. And then again, kind of reveals some of these hidden things that they may not be able to totally put their finger on, but rather,

tugging at them or whatever that hunch may be. So again, this question’s super neutral and it gives people kind of the option to say something that may not be fully formed right in an opinion, but it just doesn’t sit right. And one of the examples that I have for this is we recently ran a focus group, a fairly long focus group I would say, on a nursing home case. And so the facts were really, there’s some severe negligence claims going on.

And we wanted to know where were the feels in this case. were lots of different things that we had expected to hear, but one of the things we did not expect to hear when we had this question was that the fact that they had stopped charting in the medical records. That was something that just did not sit right with a large portion of the panel. And again, not something that we had flagged as an expectation before.

Elizabeth Larrick (06:56.696)
There were many other pieces of egregious facts that were very touching, very terrible, that would give somebody the feels, but that particular one was not one we expected and very glad that we asked that question because then we were able to kind of gather it up and be able then to put that at the forefront of the case when they were getting ready to formulate their presentation. So when something doesn’t sit right with focus groupers, with our jurors,

they find a way to tap into that and rule against you. We don’t want that. We want to be able to find where it is those feels are not matching up before you get there, right? That gut feeling that they may be having, you wanna be sure and discover those early on so then you can reshape your presentation of evidence, reshape how you are talking about the case as well. All right.

Our last question to share with you in this episode is kind of a strategic framing question. So there’s two parts to it, okay? And you’re gonna see why there are two parts. The question goes, the plaintiff loses, why do you think that would be? Now I’m using the word plaintiff with you because if I tried to use an example, it’d be challenging. So in this scenario, you would want to put in whatever the main

name or if you said person driving car B or the red car. And then you would flip flop and you say, if the defendant loses, why do you think that would be? Now I love this question because we’re getting both sides of the coin here. So we’re really as a moderator, as somebody seeking feedback, we are looking very neutral and we’re also having them put on two different point of views. This works excellent.

when you have a focus group that feels like it’s very weighted feedback on one side, because then you’re going to force people to put on the other point of view and give you their thoughts. And it really makes them articulate the strongest arguments for you and get rid of any fluff. If there is any. Again, I like this from both sides. And typically when I use this question, I tell them ahead of time, we’re going to take both sides. Okay, so let’s start with this one. If the

Elizabeth Larrick (09:20.994)
blue car loses, right? Why would that be? And again, if we’re just looking, we’ve got a short time period and we just really wanna get in there and get those main case weaknesses, this is a great question to get right on it. And again, it’s pretty broad. If you wanted to finagle with language, which you don’t have to, remove that word why and just say, how come? If FedEx loses,

How come, right? You could make it even shorter and simpler than that. But again, you can use the whole one as well. Obviously I’ve used this question many a times and it’s very helpful when we get to see our focus groupers take both sides of it. And again, in the frame of why lose, okay? Not why win, okay? But why lose? Very key on that. And again, helping you understand where is the true battleground for your case.

So this question does a lot of heavy lifting for you and it shows you kind of those real weaknesses that are boiled down to those simple points. And you can do it without revealing your own bias. These are three very simple questions you can start using today in your focus groups. So let me say them one more time for you so that we make sure we get them right. And of course, you know there’s gonna be a transcript somewhere that you can also

look at. again, question number one, if you had to explain this case to a friend who knows nothing about it, what would you say? Question number two, what part of this story doesn’t sit right with you? Question number three, if you were the plaintiff, if you were the defendant, loses, why do you think that would be? Or in a shortened version, if you’re the plaintiff,

If the plaintiff loses, how come? If the defendant loses, how come? Now, you’ll notice none of these questions are asking our jurors to vote, right? Yes or no, or make any kind of decisions. Instead, we’re really trying to reveal how they are thinking and feeling, which is really key in these focus groups. And really what you need before trial, before that big mediation,

Elizabeth Larrick (11:45.142)
Instead of just a simple note, we really want to know how things are working in their brains, how they’re synthesizing things and analyzing your case. That’s the key point, of course, of doing focus groups. If you found these three questions helpful and you would want more specific strategies, then please join my monthly newsletter. I share one email a month that has practical tips, focus group techniques, witness prep, how-tos,

to help you each month and the link to join the email newsletter will be in the show notes. Thank you again for listening to Trial Lawyer Prep and until next time, keep prepping to win.

What Trial Lawyers Loved in 2025: Guests, Topics & Focus Group Trends [Ep 156]

It’s your favorite episodes, topics and themes from Trial Lawyer Prep in 2025, as reflected by the data: you know how much we love facts!

I look at what you enjoyed the most, and why, with all the links below if you want to revisit or catch up on these episodes and their valuable information.

I’m excited in 2026 to bring you more content on trial strategy, more inspiring guests, and useful tools that help us in our preparation as trial lawyers. I love providing advice and insight to help you present the best case possible, whether you’re a long time listener or brand new to the podcast.

And if you want to start off 2026 with a focus group, or you’re curious about it, don’t forget to book a free consultation call:

www.calendly.com/elizabethlarrick

In this episode:

  • Discover the most popular episodes of 2025, based on your engagement.
  • Learn what were the three most listened-to topics of the year.
  • Find out why lawyers often underutilize their own focus group insights.
  • Remember that early focus groups can help in strategic thinking.
  • Going through focus group transcripts can hold valuable insights for lawyers.
  • Why the eight-second rule is vital for grabbing attention.

Top Guest Episodes:

Sharif Gray: Challenging Traditional Jury Selection Methods Ep 149

Ben Gideon: How Trial Lawyers can Better Assess Risk Ep 138

Dina Cataldo: Trial Management for Trial Lawyers Ep 133

Top Topic Episodes:

The 8 Second Rule That’s Costing You Verdicts Ep 144

Rewiring Witness Prep: 3 Brain Science Strategies Every Trial Lawyer Needs [Ep 143]

What Trial Strategy Is and What it is Not Ep 131

You can also watch this episode on my YouTube Channel:
What Trial Lawyers Loved in 2025: Guests, Topics & Focus Group Trends [Ep 156]

Have a trial or mediation coming up and want to test with a focus group? Book a free consultation call with Elizabeth to learn more:

Don’t miss out on the Trial Lawyer Prep Newsletter that is delivered right to your email with extra tips and ‘how to’ information. Join the newsletter here:

Episode Transcript:

Elizabeth Larrick (00:00.268)

Welcome to Trial Lawyer Prep, where trial lawyers learn how to better connect with clients and juries, gather tips and strategies for better persuasion, and how to use focus groups in the process. I’m your host, Elizabeth Larrick, and in today’s episode, we’re going to tell you what trial lawyers wanted to hear in 2025.

2025 is wrapping up and before we head into the new year, I wanna look back at what resonated with you and more importantly, what I learned from the dozens and dozens of focus groups that were conducted this year that I think every trial lawyer needs to know. You made some clear choices about what you wanted to hear. So let’s jump into your top picks from the podcast and then move into the patterns that I saw.

Top pick for the podcast was guest episodes. Now, these were fantastic episodes about jury selection, assessing risk, and even time management. So our top picks were episode 149 with Sharif Gray, where he and I talked about challenging traditional Voydier methods with research-backed alternatives. Another great episode was 138 with guest Ben Gideon.

where he talked about assessing risk for trial lawyers, a few tools to do that, and also Dina Cataldo’s episode 133, which was time management for lawyers. Now, these were topics not by me, but by consumption rates, which were over 75 % for each of these episodes, which tells me you enjoyed them and got wonderful pieces of advice from them. So a link will be in the show notes for each of those episodes.

Now, another top thing that came out of the podcast this year were three specific topics, again, with our statistics not lying over 80 % consumption. So we saw trial strategy, witness prep, and persuasion as the top listen to topics, but let’s dive into those specific episodes. So if you wanna go back and re-listen, you certainly can. For trial strategy, we had episode 131. What is trial strategy and what it is not?

Elizabeth Larrick (02:21.166)

This clarified the difference between strategy and tactics, which is a pretty big one for lawyers. But one of the key takeaways was doing our strategic thinking early with focus groups. Now, this brings me to something that I see almost every year, but especially in 2025 as even more lawyers went to trial, was waiting to do those focus groups in the 30 to 45 days before trial.

And this is where we could be missing out on testing things early in order to make corrections. This is exactly why I encourage lawyers to run early focus groups during discovery. When you can test strategic frames, try some tactics if you want early though, so you can course correct before you’re locked in. If you’re heading in a 2026 with a trial scheduled or a big one going to mediation,

and you want some strategic clarity, let’s talk about scheduling a focus group. You can book a free consultation call with a link in the show notes. Now moving to witness prep, we had episode 143, which was rewiring your witness prep with brain science. This was a great episode. If you have a deposition coming up or even a trial with how to make your witness prep more effective with three simple tips. And again, that link will be in the show notes.

And finally, our top episode for persuasion was episode 144, the eight second rule. This taps into the what we know to be so true, but primacy. We have about eight seconds to grab attention and then the next 43 to keep it. If we don’t get our audience’s attention during that timeframe, it is an uphill battle to get them to hear what we are saying and also understand it.

And that’s for any audience that we’re talking to, jurors, judges, mediators, even your client. So this was a great episode and the link will be in the show notes. This particular primacy point is something that I talk about often. And a recent post on LinkedIn that a lot of people appreciated was a story I told about a lawyer who was practicing their opening statement with me and started out with reciting a piece of law from a very famous law professor.

Elizabeth Larrick (04:45.186)

And I had to stop him because people were going to be lost, right? The judge would have been lost, jurors would have been lost. And what happens is our brain is trying to figure out what is he saying and why is he saying? And while our brains walk around confused trying to figure out what they’re saying, they don’t hear anything else in your opening statement. So we don’t wanna do that. So I stopped that lawyer. We went back and refashioned that opening to make sure we…

grabbed that eight seconds, kept him for the 43. His opening started with the bang and he felt so confident in the point he was making in that first minute that he was able to echo it. Again, demonstrating this is important, y’all. We’re gonna say it again throughout the trial. So we wanna start out with a bang. We wanna grab that attention. That episode 144 is a great way to refresh on that point. Now,

let’s talk about the trends from focus groups in 2025. Again, over 75 focus groups conducted. And so these were some of our main takeaways that we saw. Number one, visual is always important, but the more fine-tuned point was comparison. So we see comparison in almost everything we do. Scroll on Instagram, going to pick a car, everything has a side-by-side comparison.

And so the pattern that came across from multiple focus groups was that jurors were really struggling to understand the both sides when it was just a verbal presentation or had a few visual aids. Commonly used visual aids that reiterated this point were property damage photos, right? They’re using those photos to compare to injuries, to compare to how people could explain how the crash happened.

Our brains love visuals. 60 % of our brain is dedicated to understanding visuals. So we love them. But also when we have that side by side comparison, we are making it easy. Our brains love it easy. And then it gets fast, right? So we want our audience to quickly be able to evaluate and find in our favor. So one of the things we’ve talked about is when we have a comparison, maybe it’s a

Elizabeth Larrick (07:02.69)

Fact pattern versus the safety rule or the standards or the norms. That’s a super important way to visualize that comparison for our audience, whether it could be jurors or even in our focus groups. But also another great one is experts. We see dueling experts in almost every large case, almost every case, there is a dueling expert. Maybe you have one, maybe they have one, right? They’re fighting it to the death. And a lot of times as lawyers, we put a lot of credence in what experts are saying.

focus groups, not so much. But a way to test it, because I know this is a strong point for many trial lawyers wanting to test experts. Are they gonna follow the other one? Are they gonna follow this one? What is it that they’re doing that maybe is swaying our jurors, doing a side-by-side comparison? Were you distilled down what the expert did, what their opinion is? Credentials don’t really matter, right? It’s really about what did they do and what was their opinion.

and distilling that down onto one PowerPoint slide or one visual significantly helps them be able to quickly evaluate and give you feedback. A helpful tip for focus groups, but also very helpful for a jury trial in that visual aid can be used again during cross and in closing. All right, let’s move to our second trend that came out of our focus groups, which was emotional detachment.

When I say emotional, mean like maybe they’re tragic facts, maybe they’re egregious defendant conduct, and it just fell flat, right? No emotional movement. This particular red flag was more predictive of a no juror, a juror you would not want, than some of our demographics. So tracking that early, putting some of those things in early to test emotional feedback and jury selection is one of the biggest tips that we saw.

But another piece of interpretation on that emotional flatness, occasionally, sometimes both, it detects our no-jurs, but also detects a big block that’s missing, a gap in education or just overall knowledge and experience. Story recently saw this where our jurors were falling completely flat. We had tragic facts. We had…

Elizabeth Larrick (09:24.15)

a defendant clearly ignoring safety rules and a safety altogether, but nothing was jiving. As the discussion kept going on and the feedback continued, it became apparent that they were very clueless about the industry of the defendant. So we said, all right, what’s our takeaway? We got to educate early and often just to make sure they’re not making the wrong assumptions about this industry or comparing it to industries that are completely skewed.

and would be skewed against you. Okay, our last trend from our focus groups would be lawyers underusing your focus group investment. I see this where lawyers will sit in, take notes. They’re super excited and enthused after we have our focus group strategy session and then nothing. They don’t go back and revisit the transcript or the focus group reports. And I know this because I am able to track.

when people are downloading and using those things. Now, this is a huge point for me because when I spent a year with the Keenan Law Firm, one of my largest takeaways was the goal that was lying in those focus group transcripts and reports. I do this for the reports for my clients, but also you can do this just with going back and rereading the transcripts. We would spend hours going back to focus group reports and transcripts in order to find, okay,

Let’s get back in there. What were they saying? What were the exact words? Can we work those words, those phrases into opening? Can we work those words and phrases into deposition questions? What was their attitude for against us? How do we use that to our benefit? Also, what were some of the main questions that they had when they were just talking, right? Free flow, conversation with them. Not necessarily that pointed what was missing here. Sometimes people draw a blank.

when we ask that question. But if you just go back and read through the transcript, you will see when things are missing, people naturally percolate. They’ll tell you that first, or it’ll naturally percolate for them in just conversation and then listening to other people as well. So that’s a huge point. We want to make sure we get from our focus group transcripts. We don’t miss it. So if you have something coming up in 2026 and you ran a focus group in 2025, go back, reread that transcript.

Elizabeth Larrick (11:48.576)

you will gleam so much more information out of that group. And again, this was a large investment, so let’s use it as much as we can. This just taps into the point that our brains can’t focus and concentrate on all things that are happening. We’re not going to see all the body language that’s going on. We’re not going to be able to take down a note and hear what every single person is saying. Again, that’s why that transcript is so helpful to make sure you didn’t miss anything. Okay, so let’s recap what you loved in 2025.

guest episodes, trial strategy, witness prep, persuasion, and our top trends from our focus group. Comparison, but use of a visual, emotional slattness, detecting that, and then also going back and reusing our focus groups and squeezing as much as we can out of that focus group investment by rereading those transcripts. Now, as we look ahead to 2026, I am very excited to bring you more content on trial strategy.

on guests, on other things that we can be doing to improve our preparation. Which brings me to don’t forget that I have an email newsletter that provides more how-to and tips. Once a month to your email inbox, you can sign up for that newsletter in the show notes. All right. Thank you so much for making 2025 so amazing for me. I love learning from you and I love providing what I can back to my long-time listeners.

and to folks who are just coming to the podcast. I appreciate either way, you being here. And if you want to start off 2026 with a focus group, you’re curious about it, don’t forget to book a link in the show notes. All right, until next time, thank you so much.

Why Trial Lawyers Use Focus Groups, It’s Not What You Think [Ep 155]

We’re going back to the basics this week, asking, “Why do trial lawyers even do focus groups?”

Focus groups are not primarily for determining case value or winning cases. Instead, focus groups provide valuable insights into jury perceptions, case weaknesses, and effective storytelling strategies.

I share some real-life examples of effective use of focus groups, including a doozy of an example that, although it was a rough go, it left the lawyer with much more clarity on the path forward, and where to concentrate their time.

In this episode, you will learn:

  • How focus groups help in understanding jurors’ perspectives.
  • How focus groups allow for deeper conversations.
  • Why starting your opening in the right place is key.
  • The hidden attitudes that can be revealed by focus groups.
  • How to build a stronger case, thanks to the feedback you receive.

Elizabeth offers virtual focus groups with several options. Book a free call with the link below to find out the options for your case:

Don’t miss out on the additional free tips and strategies Elizabeth provides via email in her Trial Lawyer Prep newsletter. Sign up here:

Episode Transcript:

Elizabeth Larrick (00:00.526)
Welcome to Trial Lawyer Prep, where you learn to better connect with clients and juries, gather persuasion strategies, and how to use focus groups in the process. I’m your host, Elizabeth Lerick, and in today’s episode, we are going to talk about why do trial lawyers even do focus groups? This episode is going to take us back to the basics

but it comes from a recent focus group that I wanna share with you. Many times when lawyers come to me and they want a focus group, or when I hear lawyers talk about focus groups, they talk about finding the case value, but that’s really not what focus groups are for. Also, lawyers come to me or they’ll talk about finding the percentages of fault or responsibility. Also, not really what focus groups are for,

And also, most importantly, focus groups are not here to win. Now, there are tools to find your case value that are reliable. There are tools that you can use to find the assignment of fault on all the parties involved. There’s a tool for that. And of course, there’s a tool for you being able to stand up and try to win. But it’s not focus groups.

And this episode directly comes from a recent focus group that I had where it was a rough go. They did not like the plaintiff. They ultimately almost put over 90 % of responsibility overall on the plaintiff. But what that lawyer said, the first thing they said after that focus group was over, said, this is why I focus group. Because

This focus group alone, even though we heard pretty much all things negative, tells me number one, I’m going to trial. And so for the next four months, I know what I need to spend my time concentrating on. Also, I learned the facts that the jury will create in their own mind when they hear the story of what happened. I also learned

Elizabeth Larrick (02:21.076)
Overall, this venue, this jury poll is gonna be very unfamiliar with a lot of topics that are gonna be discussed in this triumph. So I need to learn what I need to educate my jury on very early, almost first before they actually hear the facts of what happened in the case. So those are three really huge takeaways, but they don’t have anything to do with the case value.

And they ultimately don’t have to do with the exact percentages of fault that they’re going to put on somebody. And they definitely don’t have to do with winning. So I really want to emphasize in this episode, how valuable focus groups are, even though they’re not going to give you that case number, that assignment of liability, or they’re not going to tell you, this is a total slave dunk, you’re going to win. Right? And so this,

comes down to a lot of how to do focus groups because when we run focus groups, what we’re talking about here, what gives you all these awesome things, why you’re losing the facts they’re gonna use, the facts they’re gonna create, is because these focus groups are designed to have conversations with each participant and have time for follow-up, right, to understand even deeper about where some of these comments

these ideas are coming from when it comes to each participant. Okay, so these are not deliberation style focus groups, right? These are focus groups that allow a lot of space, a lot of comfortable conversations, even though they’re uncomfortable for lawyers listening to, but they allow for a lot more space for conversations. And again, one of the key things about how to do focus groups is that you don’t want to argue or fight

or even if you see the focus group getting the facts wrong, you don’t step in and try to just reiterate. So this is actually a really big pitfall that lawyers fall into when they’re running their own focus groups. And again, I’m saying this from my own personal experience, but also having years of experience watching lawyers step into do focus groups. One of the biggest things that comes, and you don’t think that you’re being

Elizabeth Larrick (04:48.224)
argumentative or trying to persuade, but it absolutely is. So it is really common for you to give a neutral statement of the facts. And then what happens when they give you back what they heard, they invent facts or they fill in gaps or they make a lot of assumptions. That’s their analysis, right? But you try to repeat facts. And so instead of saying, okay, all right,

Tell me more about that. You say, well, wait a second. No, no, it’s the white car and then the black truck. No, and then this is what they said. No, no, the black car says, right, so you’re actually in a way arguing with them. This is a huge pitfall. And so I want to bring that to your attention if you’re running your own focus groups, but this is exactly why I offer virtual focus groups with several options so you can avoid these mistakes.

get the feedback you need and be really confident in relying on the results to build your case. If you want to talk about the options for your case, book a free call with the link in the show notes. I really want lawyers to be able to run focus groups and know the reasons why. What is the value that is going to come out of focus groups? So let’s talk about a few other examples that I have. And number one to feed off what we just talked about is

how they will explain your case to you. So how they bring it back to you. Recently, we did a very short focus group that involved several different factors, but one of the things was quotas and possibility that was a quota given possible gender discrimination. And one of the point of views we got was, well, no, that’s the new person. A new person should always have more workload and be expected to work harder than the people who are already on the team.

Now that’s not a perspective that was ever entertained by the lawyer. So again, how are they going to explain their case to themselves right once they hear it? So great way to grab value from a focus group. The other thing that we talk about here on the podcast, but just to reiterate, is they’re going to find the case weaknesses. Now those could be facts or those could just be attitudes that they have. And naturally of course they’re going to find your strengths too.

Elizabeth Larrick (07:14.382)
But most of the time when people come to focus groups, they want to know what am I missing? What is there that is a weakness that I need to know about and fix? An example of this here recently again, another employment case, different situation, but the real big concern of the lawyers was offer letters and how were offer letters going to be perceived? Was it negative? Was it positive? Was it going to be a weakness for them? Turns out the feedback we got was no.

Offer letters are good. Nobody would want to change a job without having an offer letter to know that this is a true offer. It’s not risky if they’re going to lose one job and go to another one. It was great. So another great thing that we grab from focus groups and a reason to do focus groups is learning what point in time do you start your case? So

This goes back to our privacy and recency. The first thing people hear is generally the strongest piece in their brain that they’re gonna remember the most. So when you make the decision about where to start your opening, where to start your order of proof, it’s very important to know where do I start the story, right? Where do I bring this in? This also can be one of those questions of, I need to educate first before I can get to?

wrongdoing or pieces of the story. This example that I have comes from a food poisoning case. Now, naturally, the target defendants were in the distribution, right, not in the actual place where the actual event occurred. So we had to dial back to get them to the point of the story where it’s getting on the truck and it’s being shipped out, right? So that’s not normally where people would start the story and our focus groups

really keyed in on focusing on the last step, which was the delivery to the customer, right? well, it’s gotta be them, the restaurant, where it’s happened, right? It has to be, because that’s their personal experience. So it was very key when looking at and having a strategy session after this focus group was where to start. How do we get the focus away from the restaurant and onto the distribution line and the distributing company? Okay.

Elizabeth Larrick (09:39.992)
So that particular piece was gonna be key for them. And it’s key for you. Because if you start in the wrong spot, that’s where they’re always gonna go back to is the first thing they heard about your case, that’s what they’re gonna remember the most. So that’s where you can plant good seeds or get stuck in a bad seed and have to try constantly to overcome, right? That bias they may have in their mind immediately. All right, just a few other fun things and reasons why we focus group, finding underlying.

hidden attitudes or assumptions, learning what visual aids are needed. What can they just not conceptually put together in their mind, but maybe words on a page is not gonna help, but they literally need some kind of drawing to get them there. Also assessing case themes, if you’re using safety rules as part of a case theme, like focus groups are great to give you feedback on that. So ultimately, why trial lawyers focus group?

Well, we want to see and we want to hear how people think and talk about our cases, right? Regular people. But what does that really help us do as trial lawyers? Well, number one, we want to build better cases. That means you want to have stronger liability. You want to have stronger damages case. You want to have a case that has higher value before you went into that focus screw. And that is one of the main reasons why

I strongly encourage lawyers to do focus groups early on. Remember how we started this episode? We had a humdinger of a focus group, but the number one thing, the number one takeaway from that lawyer after listening to two hours of a really hard focus group where they were just dragging that case down was, this is going to trial and I have four months to prepare to come back to this table again and try again. But I know now,

which path I’m on and I need to stick to my guns and use my time wisely. So I hope that you have enjoyed this back to the basics episode about why trial lawyers focus group. And I hope you also know the other tools that you can use to get case value, apportionment of liability or responsibility, or big data study.

Elizabeth Larrick (12:01.656)
those are much more reliable tools because again, the field is going to be 2000, 3000, 4000 people, right? That’s a whole lot more reliable than sitting down with our discussion, the conversational focus groups. All right. And if you just want to win, then set yourself up a mock jury. That’s going to be the place where you’re going to go in, put on your best case, put on your best suit, have everybody else dress up, play witnesses, play the judge. And that’s where you can.

practice to win. All right. I hope this episode was helpful to you and until next time, thank you so much. Did you know that I also offer strategies, tips and stories in an email newsletter? That’s right. And if you join now, you will get access to the focus group trends email that’s going to start going out in 2026. So

You don’t want to miss any other free advice, then use the link in the show notes to sign up for the trial lawyer prep newsletter and the focus group trends email. They’ll start going out in 2026.

Comparison: A Powerful and Simple Persuasion Tool for the Courtroom [Ep 154]

In this week’s episode, we’re looking at a powerful and often overlooked tool for persuasion: side-by-side comparisons.

Discover how this method can simplify complex information and sway jury decisions in your favor. I shares practical insights from my virtual focus groups, which offer strategic ways to leverage this tool throughout your case.

Our brains respond intrinsically to visual comparisons, and I’ll show you how to implement this tactic in opening statements, mediation packets, and beyond.

Learn how side-by-side comparisons can become your secret weapon for a better case outcome. And book a free consultation for virtual focus groups using the link below.

In this episode, you will learn:

  • How our brains always look for patterns, and how comparison is a powerful persuasion tool.
  • How our brains also crave easy decisions, and comparisons helps clarify positions.
  • How focus groups reveal jury preferences.
  • How to use comparison in your opening statements.
  • Why visual aids are crucial for understanding.


Want to learn more about the virtual focus group Elizabeth does with lawyers? Schedule a free call:

Don’t want to miss an episode? Join the Trial Lawyer Prep Newsletter for resources, tips and episodes by going here: 

Episode Transcript:

Elizabeth Larrick (00:00.448)
If you want to know what persuasion tools will work best with your jurors in your case, that’s exactly what I do in virtual focus groups. I test your themes, your facts, your arguments, your visuals, and then give you strategic insights you can use throughout your case. This is your secret weapon. And don’t worry, I’ll be there to help you and add any other persuasion tools I can so that you can get the best outcome possible.

If you’re ready to do virtual focus groups, up a call with the link in the show notes below. Hello and welcome to Trial Lawyer Prep, the podcast dedicated to trial lawyers preparing better cases and better outcomes for their clients. I’m your host, Elizabeth Larek, and today we have a fun episode about a tool you can use pretty much anywhere in your case to win your point. Now,

Fundamentally, jury trials are challenging because cognitively we have a lot of information to bombard our jury brains with and we have to do it in an organized fashion. We have to think about word choice. We have to think about how much information we’re giving at each point and when we need to stop and summarize. Lots of different things to keep in mind so we avoid confusion.

We want always to make decision making easy for our audience. May it be the jury, maybe it’s a mediator, maybe it’s a judge, maybe even it’s our clients. And so today’s episode is dedicated to comparison, a powerful, overlooked persuasion tool. We use it just a little and I want to use this episode to talk about how we can expand using it.

Now, let’s just take it at face value and think about it in your mind, a side-by-side chart. Your side is on one part, the other side is the defense. All right, and so what happens when we do a side-by-side, just taking it as in your mind? What we can see are extreme positions that are being taken. We can also see the things that have to be ignored in order to accept the defense’s position.

Elizabeth Larrick (02:24.684)
And ultimately, we make it extremely easy for that brain to make a decision quickly and in your favor. So let’s talk a little bit why does this side-by-side comparison work so well. We’ve seen it work extremely well in our before and after witnesses that we use for our injury cases.

We use it really well with our plaintiffs getting ready for their depositions. We walk them through that in preparation. Okay, let’s talk about the things that have changed. Maybe you do that for your demand letters. Really good, helpful thing so you can write about it. But why can’t we use it somewhere else? And so this came up here recently as I was helping a group get ready for a jury trial. And we began to do focus groups and saw a very clear

theme that ran through almost all of the focus groups. The participants hated, even despised the defense’s number. And the number was a calculation. So this is not a traditional personal injury case, okay? It’s a different kind of case. I help on those too. So we saw this as a big strength, but how, how could we use this as a strength, right, to bolster

their position and also show how absurd it is and boom, it’s the side by side. And so they began to develop this side by side chart with at the top, right, the numbers to show again, number one, the absurdity and then what they had to rely on to come to that number. And again, this is a case that has complicated calculations and lots of expert testimony and

in the focus groups, it was kind of getting lost and they would only pick up on certain points. And so that’s where the comparison side by side became, okay, this has got to be something that gets down almost perfectly in the sense that we need to have simple, clear language, simple points, but also just a few so that they’re the most powerful points. And so the visuals created, the focus groups are…

Elizabeth Larrick (04:41.024)
lined up to test it and I will let you know in later episodes how it fares out in the jury trial. So let’s talk a little bit about why, why does this work with our brains? And number one is our brains always look for patterns. When things are unfamiliar, we try to find a pattern and comparison is an easy pattern. is quickly, it’s something we use often. And again, brains love things that are familiar.

So comparison is something that we use all the time in making decisions in our lives. Think about the last time you booked a trip and you used any of the numerous travel websites that show you all the airlines side by side and the costs and the bags and all the things so you can make an easy decision. A couple years back, there were insurance websites where they would run a quote for you and put the competitor side by side.

We do it all the time. go to the grocery store. We just go shopping for clothing, right? We put things side by side to make the decision easy for us. Our brains crave easy decisions. So that is why comparison works. It’s a familiar pattern that we use often in our lives and it makes that decision making easy when we can see it all visually, right? Which is the other strong thing.

about the brain science here is 60 % of our brain or more is dedicated to analyzing, detecting, finding, seeing visuals. And so having this as a visual is so powerful to make it easy for our brains. And again, this is an easy visual for you to create thinking again, it’s just a simple T chart, a side by side so they can see the things. The harder part is coming up with the things that go on that chart because they have to be evidence.

testimony, things that you know for sure will come into trial. And we’ll talk about that a little bit, how we can use them in other places. The other thing about comparison, and again, this draws from the recent experience we had was how obvious it was once we put things side by side, the absurdity of the position. Now, just talking verbally to someone and trying to explain comparison is a challenge.

Elizabeth Larrick (07:02.048)
Our brains can only hold three to five things in short-term memory. So when we try to verbally explain our position and then compare it to the defense position, things are just naturally gonna get lost. And that’s where this visual becomes very helpful in showing the absurdity of the defense positions. So let’s think about this in comparison of experts on the topic of causation.

experts on the declaration that there is no injury, right? Or even life care plans, right? Having that side-by-side comparison of just the simple facts, the simple differences, the simply put opinions, right? Will help them be able to understand the positions, but also again, see who is ignoring facts, understand the defense’s position, right? Making it clear to them. This is one of those things where as…

defense lawyers making it confusing, making a variety of things available for possible causes, possibly this, possibly not right. That just makes everything muddy. And with this side by side, you make it very clear. It’s very difficult to argue against when you do that hard work of boiling things down and writing it down till they can make their decision quickly.

So let’s talk now a little bit more about where we can use this. Now, the main example that we have again is our before and after witnesses, before and after testimony. But like we just talked about comparing our expert opinions is so helpful, especially when we have an expert that’s ignoring a fact, right? So again, think about our experts who give opinions about

it’s a sprain or a strain, there’s no real injury here. And so what does that mean? What do they have to ignore to get to that position, right? Having that side by side with what your expert has done. And so maybe it’s as simple as they never examine the person. There was, know, examination six separate times, right? This testing, no testing, right? And we have done a lot of this already in many of the cross-exam.

Elizabeth Larrick (09:18.638)
CLEs that have been out there for a while have talked about how to do this in cross exam. But what I am encouraging you to do is to use that comparison in your opening statements. Use comparison in your mediation packets. Boil it down, make it simple for the mediators to understand where is the hitch in the giddy up? Why can’t we seem to get this thing done? Where are the positions are and what are the facts that are being relied on?

And again, also helpful in hearings for our judges. Same thing, they can only handle three to five things at a time. It’s just their brain, it’s my brain, it’s your brain. So how do we get around that, right? Make that comparison, your position, their position. What are the facts they’re relying on? Putting case law on a comparison chart does not necessarily help them, okay? I’m talking about making the simple points side by side so they can see what’s happening. All right, so.

I hope that you found this episode helpful. I hope you have in your mind right now as we sit here, the next place that you are gonna sit down and make a comparison chart. Now, you may not be 100 % comfortable with writing, but you could put this on a PowerPoint slide. You could even make one of the big blow ups for demonstratives for your hearing, even for jury trial. But it’s a helpful persuasive tool because our brains wanna make decisions.

and you wanna make it easy for someone to decide in your favor. So if you’re wondering what persuasive tools you can be using in your cases, then the best way to find out is virtual focus groups. In my virtual focus groups, we test not only your case, your facts, but we also find the best ways to persuade the jury. If you’re interested in doing a virtual focus group, please use the link in the show notes to book a free time to talk.

Right now, are still spots available for January and a few for February as well. Thank you so much for tuning into this episode and until next time, thank you.

No Voir Dire? Here’s A Way to Create Your Own Secret Weapon [Ep 153]

Today, we’re talking about the advantages of using virtual focus groups to enhance jury selection, especially in jurisdictions with limited voir dire.

I share a real-life success story where a lawyer used virtual focus groups and a detailed jury research chart to navigate a challenging trial with confidence.

We then look at the nuts and bolts of how to conduct virtual focus groups, create insightful jury profiles, and maximize the value of focus group feedback. By analyzing qualitative data from focus groups, lawyers can identify potential jurors who may not align with their case, thereby making informed decisions during jury selection.

This episode is a great starting point for learning practical strategies to better understand jurors, identifying their emotional engagement, and improve your overall trial strategy.

In this episode, you will learn:

  • Creating a jury research profile helps identify unfavorable jurors.
  • Demographics alone are insufficient; life experiences matter too.
  • Judges may make impulsive decisions during voir dire.
  • Multiple focus groups enhance confidence in jury selection.
  • Transcripts from focus groups are crucial for extracting insights.
  • There is no perfect method for jury selection, but strategies can improve outcomes.

Supporting Resources From This Episode:Case Study: How Virtual Focus Groups flipped Disputed Liability (blog)

Jury Selection: What’s Broken With Traditional Methods? with Sharif Gray [Ep 149]

Want to learn more about the virtual focus group Elizabeth does with lawyers? Schedule a free call:

Don’t want to miss an episode? Join the Trial Lawyer Prep Newsletter for resources, tips and episodes by going here: 

The Art of Teamwork: Winning a $27+ million dollar verdict with John Heenan [Ep 152]

In our last episode, we heard from Tim Bechtold, whose perseverance ultimately led to a verdict in Montana of over $27 million for his client.

Today, we’re joined by Tim’s partner in the case, John Heenan, for his perspective on the process and the role he played in achieving the result, particularly as someone who joined late in the day to help push it over the finish line.

We talk about how to approach the trial, the importance of adding someone new to a team for crucial fresh perspectives, and advice for working with conservative mentalities on juries and trial presentation.

John emphasizes the importance of empowering jurors and leveraging collaboration to achieve results in the courtroom, while also reminding us of how we can measure success, keeping an honest assessment of our role in the outcome.

You can also watch this episode on YouTube here: The Art of Teamwork: Winning a $27+ million dollar verdict, with John Heenan [Ep 152]

Follow and Review:

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Supporting Resources:

Guest John Heenan of Heenan & Cooke Trial Lawyers, Montana.

www.lawmontana.com

Contact John directly at john@lawmontana.com

Books recommended by John:

Do you have an upcoming trial and want help writing your opening statement? Book a free call with Elizabeth to see how she can help.

Don’t want to miss an episode? Join the Trial Lawyer Prep Newsletter for resources, tips and episodes by going here: www.larricklawfirm.com/connect

Winning a $27 Million Verdict After YEARS of Fighting with Tim Bechtold [Ep 151]

Tim Bechtold spent years fighting a a civil rights case involving a prisoner from the Montana State Prison System.

In today’s conversation, we look at the intricacies of the case, detailing the client’s wrongful conviction, subsequent assault in a private prison, and the challenges faced due to procedural delays and missed deadlines.

However, the perseverance of Tim and his team ultimately culminated in a favorable verdict and a reward of just over $27 million.

Tim explains the importance of a focus group in shaping their trial strategy and reflects on the quick-paced nature of their trial, as well as the broader implications of justice and advocacy for marginalized communities.

Tim Bechtold is a Montana-based trial lawyer known for his work in civil rights and environmental law.

In this episode, you will learn about:

  • How the case of Nate Lake highlights systemic issues in the justice system.
  • How the verdict of over $27 million underscores the importance of accountability.
  • Why justice for marginalized communities often requires persistence and dedication.
  • The role of storytelling in trials that is crucial for juror engagement.

Supporting Resources:

Guest Tim Bechtold of Bechtold Law Firm, Montana.

Contact Tim directly at tim@bechtoldlaw.net

$27.75 million dollar verdict (KRTV news)

Northern Cheyenne v. BIA verdict (Daily Montanan)

Tim’s Environmental Work: https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5416766

2025 Leonard Weinglass in Defense of Civil Liberties Award – AAJ: https://www.justice.org/membership/awards

2025 Montana Trial Lawyer of the Year Award: https://www.monttla.com/?pg=historical

Do you have an upcoming trial and want help writing your opening statement? Book a free call with Elizabeth to see how she can help.

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